Cook the Pasta: Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add pasta and cook according to package instructions, about 8-10 minutes. Reserve a cup of pasta water, then drain and set aside.

Blanch the Broccoli (Optional): In the last 2-3 minutes of cooking, add broccoli to the boiling water. Drain pasta and broccoli together.

Sauté Aromatics: Melt butter in the same pot over medium heat. Add minced garlic and sauté for 1-2 minutes until fragrant.

Make the Roux: Sprinkle in flour and whisk continuously for about 1 minute until golden.

Build the Sauce Base: Gradually pour in milk while whisking. Increase heat and cook until it reaches a gentle boil, about 3-4 minutes.

Simmer and Thicken: Reduce heat and let sauce simmer for 2-3 minutes until it coats the back of a spoon.

Add Cheese & Seasonings: Stir in cheese until melted. Add salt and pepper, then fold in pasta and broccoli.

Combine and Serve: Toss everything together, adjust seasoning, and serve hot.